/LMAR=0/XLINE=3/FONT#0=BAXL30/FONT#1=BAXM30/FONT#2=BASB30/FONT#3=SUB/FONT#4=SUP/FONT#5=BASL35/FONT#6=NGR25/FONT#7=MATH30/FONT#8=FIX25/FONT#9=GRKB30/FONT#10=ZERO30
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ u1


␈↓ α∧␈↓                     Biography of John McCarthy


␈↓ α∧␈↓BORN:  September 4, 1927 in Boston, Massachusetts

␈↓ α∧␈↓EDUCATION:
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTB.S.  (Mathematics) California Institute of Technology, 1948
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTPh.D. (Mathematics) Princeton University, 1951

␈↓ α∧␈↓HONORS AND SOCIETIES:
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTAmerican Society for the Advancement of Science
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTAmerican Mathematical Society
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTAssociation for Computing Machinery
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTIEEE
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTSigma Xi
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTSloan Fellow in Physical Science, 1957-59
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTACM National Lecturer, 1961
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTA. M. Turing Award from Association for Computing Machinery, 1971
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTEditorial Board, Artificial Intelligence Journal, 1975 - present
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTAcademic Advisor, National Legal Center for Public Information, 1976 - 1980
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTBoard of Directors, Information International, Inc., 1962 - present.
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTBoard of Directors, Inference Corporation, 1983 - present.
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTSigma Xi National Lecturer, 1977
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTFellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, 1979 - 1980.
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTPresident, American Association for Artificial Intelligence, 1983-84

␈↓ α∧␈↓PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTProcter Fellow, Princeton University, 1950-51
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTHiggins Research Instructor in Mathematics,
␈↓ α∧␈↓                Princeton University, 1951-53
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTActing Assistant Professor of Mathematics,
␈↓ α∧␈↓                Stanford University, Sept. 1953 - Jan. 1955
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTAssistant Professor of Mathematics, Dartmouth
␈↓ α∧␈↓                College, Feb. 1955 - June 1958
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTAssistant Professor of Communication Science,
␈↓ α∧␈↓                M.I.T., 1958 - 1961
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTAssociate Professor of Communication Science,
␈↓ α∧␈↓                M.I.T., 1961 - 1962
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTProfessor of Computer Science
␈↓ α∧␈↓                Stanford University, 1962 - present
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTDirector, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
␈↓ α∧␈↓                Stanford University, 1965 - 1980

␈↓ α∧␈↓PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND SCIENTIFIC INTERESTS:
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTWith Marvin Minsky organized and directed the Artificial
␈↓ α∧␈↓                Intelligence Project at M.I.T.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTOrganized and directed Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ u2


␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTDeveloped the LISP programming system for computing with
␈↓ α∧␈↓                symbolic expressions, participated in the development
␈↓ α∧␈↓                of the ALGOL 58 and the ALGOL 60 languages.  Present
␈↓ α∧␈↓                scientific work is in the fields of Artificial
␈↓ α∧␈↓                Intelligence, Computation with Symbolic Expressions,
␈↓ α∧␈↓                Mathematical Theory of Computation, Time-Sharing computer
␈↓ α∧␈↓                systems.





␈↓ α∧␈↓α␈↓ ε0Publications

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJohn␈α
(1951)␈↓:␈α"Projection␈α
Operators␈αand␈αPartial␈α
Differential␈αEquations"␈α
Ph.D.␈α Thesis,
␈↓ α∧␈↓Princeton University.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α→John␈α→(1952)␈↓:␈α→"A␈α_Method␈α→for␈α→the␈α→Calculation␈α_of␈α→Limit␈α→Cycles␈α→by␈α_Successive
␈↓ α∧␈↓Approximation"␈α~in␈α→␈↓↓Contributions␈α~to␈α~the␈α→Theory␈α~of␈α~Nonlinear␈α→Oscillations␈α~II␈↓,␈α~Annals␈α→of
␈↓ α∧␈↓Mathematics Study No. 29, Princeton University, pp. 75-79.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJohn␈α(1953)␈↓:␈α"An␈αEverywhere␈αContinuous␈αNowhere␈αDifferentiable␈αFunction,"␈α␈↓↓American
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓Mathematical Monthly␈↓, December 1953, p. 709.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy, John (1954)␈↓: "A Nuclear Reactor for Rockets" ␈↓↓Jet Propulsion␈↓, January 1954.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJohn␈α(1955)␈↓:␈α"The␈αStability␈αof␈αInvariant␈αManifolds"␈αApplied␈α
Mathematics␈αLaboratory
␈↓ α∧␈↓Technical Report No. 36, Stanford University, 25 pp.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJohn␈α(1956)␈↓:␈α"The␈αInversion␈αof␈αFunctions␈αDefined␈αby␈αTuring␈αMachines,"␈α
in␈α␈↓↓Automata
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓Studies, Annals of Mathematical Study No. 34,␈↓ Princeton, pp. 177-181.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∀John␈α∪(1956)␈↓:␈α∀"Aggregation␈α∪in␈α∀the␈α∪Open␈α∀Leontief␈α∪Model,"␈α∀in␈α∪Progress␈α∀Report␈α∪of
␈↓ α∧␈↓Dartmouth Mathematics Project.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α⊂John␈α⊃(1956)␈↓:␈α⊂"Measures␈α⊃of␈α⊂the␈α⊂Value␈α⊃of␈α⊂Information,"␈α⊃␈↓↓Proceedings␈α⊂of␈α⊃the␈α⊂National
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓Academy of Sciences␈↓, September 1956.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α
John␈α∞(1956)␈↓:␈α
Co-editor␈α∞with␈α
Dr.␈α∞Claude␈α
E.␈α∞Shannon␈α
of␈α∞␈↓↓Automata␈α
Studies␈↓,␈α∞Annals␈α
of
␈↓ α∧␈↓Mathematics Study No. 34, Princeton University Press.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJohn␈α(1960)␈↓:␈α"Recursive␈αFunctions␈αof␈αSymbolic␈αExpressions␈αand␈αtheir␈αComputation␈αby
␈↓ α∧␈↓Machine," ␈↓↓Comm. ACM␈↓, April 1960.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∪John␈α∩(1960)␈↓:␈α∪"Programs␈α∩with␈α∪Common␈α∩Sense,"␈α∪in␈α∩Proceedings␈α∪of␈α∪the␈α∩Teddington
␈↓ α∧␈↓Conference␈α
on␈α
the␈αMechanization␈α
of␈α
Thought␈α
Processes,␈αHer␈α
Majesty's␈α
Stationery␈αOffice,␈α
London.
␈↓ α∧␈↓common[e80,jmc]

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJohn␈α(with␈α12␈αothers)␈α(1960)␈↓␈α"ALGOL␈α60",␈α␈↓↓Numerische␈αMathematik␈↓,␈αMarch␈α1960,␈αalso
␈↓ α∧␈↓in ␈↓↓Comm. ACM␈↓, May 1960 and Jan. 1963.
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ u3


␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∞John␈α∞(1961)␈↓:␈α∞"A␈α∞Basis␈α∞for␈α
Mathematical␈α∞Theory␈α∞of␈α∞Computation",␈α∞in␈α∞␈↓↓Proc.␈α
 Western
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓Joint␈α
Computer␈αConf.␈↓,␈α
May␈α1961,␈α
pp.␈α
225-238.␈α Later␈α
version␈αin␈α
Braffort,␈αP.␈α
and␈α
D.␈αHirschberg
␈↓ α∧␈↓(eds.) ␈↓↓Computer Programming and Formal Systems␈↓, North-Holland Publishing Co. (1963).

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJohn␈α
(1962)␈↓:␈α"Time-Sharing␈αComputing␈α
Systems,"␈αin␈α␈↓↓Management␈α
and␈αthe␈αComputer␈α
of
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓the Future␈↓, Martin Greenberger (ed.), MIT Press.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α⊂John␈α⊂(with␈α⊃Paul␈α⊂Abrahams,␈α⊂Daniel␈α⊂Edwards,␈α⊃Timothy␈α⊂Hart␈α⊂and␈α⊃Michael␈α⊂Levin)
␈↓ α∧␈↓α(1962)␈↓: ␈↓↓LISP 1.5 Programmer's Manual␈↓, M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Mass.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∞John␈α
(1962)␈↓:␈α∞"Computer␈α
Programs␈α∞for␈α
Checking␈α∞Mathematical␈α
Proofs",␈α∞␈↓↓Amer.␈α
Math.
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓Soc. Proc. of Symposia in Pure Math.␈↓, Vol. 5.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∀John␈α∪(1963)␈↓:␈α∀"Towards␈α∪a␈α∀Mathematical␈α∪Theory␈α∀of␈α∪Computation",␈α∀in␈α∀Proc.␈α∪ IFIP
␈↓ α∧␈↓Congress 62, North-Holland, Amsterdam.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJohn␈α(1963)␈↓:␈α"A␈αBasis␈αfor␈αa␈α
Mathematical␈αTheory␈αof␈αComputation",␈αin␈αP.␈αBraffort␈α
and
␈↓ α∧␈↓D.␈αHirschberg␈α(eds.),␈α
␈↓↓Computer␈αProgramming␈αand␈α
Formal␈αSystems␈↓,␈αNorth-Holland␈αPublishing␈α
Co.,
␈↓ α∧␈↓Amsterdam, pp. 33-70.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α
John␈α
(1963)␈↓:␈α
"A␈α
Time-Sharing␈αDebugging␈α
System␈α
for␈α
a␈α
Small␈α
Computer",␈α(with␈α
Boilen,
␈↓ α∧␈↓Fredkin␈αand␈αLicklider),␈αProc.␈αAFIPS␈α1963␈αSpring␈αJoint␈αComputer␈αConf.,␈αSparten␈αBooks,␈αDetroit,
␈↓ α∧␈↓pp. 51-57.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∪John␈α∪(1963)␈↓:␈α∪"The␈α∪Linking␈α∪Segment␈α∪Subprogram␈α∪Language␈α∪and␈α∀Linking␈α∪Loader
␈↓ α∧␈↓Programming Languages", Comm. ACM, July 1963.  (with F.  Corbato and M. Daggett),

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∞John␈α∞(1965)␈↓:␈α∞"Problems␈α∞in␈α∞the␈α∞Theory␈α∞of␈α∞Computation",␈α∞in␈α∞Proc.␈α∞ IFIP␈α∞Congress␈α
65,
␈↓ α∧␈↓Spartan, Washington, D.C..

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α⊗John␈α⊗(1966)␈↓:␈α↔"A␈α⊗Formal␈α⊗Description␈α⊗of␈α↔a␈α⊗Subset␈α⊗of␈α⊗Algol",␈α↔␈↓↓Formal␈α⊗Language
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓Description␈αLanguages␈αfor␈αComputer␈αProgramming␈↓,␈αT.B.␈αSteel,␈αJr.␈α(ed.),␈αNorth-Holland␈αPubl.␈αCo.,
␈↓ α∧␈↓Amsterdam, pp. 1-12.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJohn␈α(1968␈↓:␈α"Time-Sharing␈αComputer␈αSystems",␈αin␈α␈↓↓Conversational␈α
Computers␈↓,␈αWilliam
␈↓ α∧␈↓Orr (ed), Wiley Publishing Company.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy, John (1966)␈↓: "Information", ␈↓↓Scientific American␈↓, Vol. 215.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∞John␈α∞(1967)␈↓:␈α∞"THOR␈α∞-␈α∞A␈α∞Display␈α∞Based␈α∞Time-Sharing␈α∞System",␈α∞(with␈α∞D.␈α∞Brian,␈α∞G.
␈↓ α∧␈↓Feldman, and John Allen) ␈↓↓AFIPS Conf. Proc.␈↓, Vol. 30, (FJCC) Thompson, Washington, D.C..

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α⊃John␈α⊃(1967)␈↓:␈α⊃"Computer␈α⊃Control␈α⊃of␈α⊃a␈α⊃Hand␈α⊃and␈α⊃Eye",␈α⊃in␈α⊃␈↓↓Proc.␈α⊃ Third␈α⊂All-Union
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓Conference on Automatic Control (Technical Cybernetics)␈↓, Nauka, Moscow, (Russian).

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α
John␈α
(1968)␈↓:␈α
"Programs␈α
with␈α
Common␈α
Sense,"␈α
in␈α
M.␈α
Minsky␈α
(ed.),␈α
␈↓↓Semantic␈α
Information
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓Processing␈↓, M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Mass.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJohn␈α
(1968)␈↓:␈α"A␈αComputer␈α
with␈αHands,␈α
Eyes,␈αand␈αEars,"␈α
(with␈αL.␈α
Earnest,␈αD.␈αReddy,␈α
P.
␈↓ α∧␈↓Vicens) ␈↓↓Proc. AFIPS Conf.␈↓ (FJCC).
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ u4


␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∂John␈α∂and␈α∞P.J.␈α∂Hayes␈α∂(1969)␈↓:␈α∞"Some␈α∂Philosophical␈α∂Problems␈α∞from␈α∂the␈α∂Standpoint␈α∞of
␈↓ α∧␈↓Artificial␈α
Intelligence",␈α∞in␈α
D.␈α
Michie␈α∞(ed),␈α
␈↓↓Machine␈α
Intelligence␈α∞4␈↓,␈α
American␈α
Elsevier,␈α∞New␈α
York,
␈↓ α∧␈↓NY.  phil[ess,jmc] with slight modifications

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α
John␈α(1972)␈↓:␈α
"The␈α
Home␈αInformation␈α
Terminal,"␈α
Man␈αand␈α
Computer,␈α
in␈αProceedings
␈↓ α∧␈↓International Conference, Bordeaux 1970, S. Karger, N.Y.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α
John␈α
(1973)␈↓:␈α
"Mechanical␈α
Servants␈α
for␈α
Mankind,"␈α
in␈α
␈↓↓Britannica␈α
Yearbook␈α
of␈αScience␈α
and
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓the Future␈↓.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∞John␈α∂(1974)␈↓:␈α∞Book␈α∂Review:␈α∞"Artificial␈α∞Intelligence:␈α∂A␈α∞General␈α∂Survey"␈α∞by␈α∂Sir␈α∞James
␈↓ α∧␈↓Lighthill, in ␈↓↓Artificial Intelligence␈↓, Vol. 5, No. 3.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∞John␈α∞(1974)␈↓:␈α∞"Modeling␈α∞Our␈α∞Minds"␈α∂in␈α∞␈↓↓Science␈α∞Year␈α∞1975,␈α∞The␈α∞World␈α∂Book␈α∞Science
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓Annual␈↓, Field Enterprises Educational Corporation, Chicago, ILL.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJohn␈α(1976)␈↓:␈α
"The␈αHome␈αInformation␈α
Terminal,"␈αinvited␈αpresentation,␈α
AAAS␈αAnnual
␈↓ α∧␈↓Meeting, Feb. 18-24, 1976, Boston.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∩John␈α∩(1976)␈↓:␈α∩"An␈α⊃Unreasonable␈α∩Book,"␈α∩a␈α∩review␈α⊃of␈α∩␈↓↓Computer␈α∩Power␈α∩and␈α⊃Human
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓Reason␈↓,␈α∩by␈α∪Joseph␈α∩Weizenbaum␈α∪(W.H.␈α∩Freeman␈α∩and␈α∪Co.,␈α∩San␈α∪Francisco,␈α∩1976)␈α∪in␈α∩␈↓↓SIGART
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓Newsletter␈α58␈↓,␈α
June␈α1976,␈α
also␈αin␈α
␈↓↓Creative␈αComputing␈↓,␈α
Chestnut␈αHill,␈α
Massachusetts,␈α1976␈α
and␈αin
␈↓ α∧␈↓"Three␈α⊃Reviews␈α⊃of␈α⊃Joseph␈α⊃Weizenbaum's␈α⊃␈↓↓Computer␈α⊃Power␈α⊃and␈α⊃Human␈α⊃Reason␈↓",␈α⊃(with␈α⊃Bruce
␈↓ α∧␈↓Buchanan␈α↔and␈α↔Joshua␈α↔Lederberg),␈α↔Stanford␈α↔Artificial␈α↔Intelligence␈α↔Laboratory␈α_Memo␈α↔291,
␈↓ α∧␈↓Computer Science Department, Stanford, CA.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∂John␈α∂(1977)␈↓:␈α∂Review:␈α∂␈↓↓Computer␈α∂Power␈α∂and␈α∂Human␈α∂Reason␈↓,␈α∂by␈α⊂Joseph␈α∂Weizenbaum
␈↓ α∧␈↓(W.H.  Freeman and Co., San Francisco, 1976) in ␈↓↓Physics Today␈↓.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy, John (1977)␈↓: "The Home Information Terminal" ␈↓↓Grolier Encyclopedia␈↓.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α
John␈α(1977)␈↓:␈α
"On␈αThe␈α
Model␈αTheory␈α
of␈αKnowledge"␈α
(with␈αM.␈α
Sato,␈αS.␈α
Igarashi,␈αand␈α
T.
␈↓ α∧␈↓Hayashi),␈α␈↓↓Proceedings␈αof␈αthe␈αFifth␈αInternational␈αJoint␈αConference␈αon␈αArtificial␈αIntelligence␈↓,␈α
M.I.T.,
␈↓ α∧␈↓Cambridge, Mass.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α
John␈α
(1977)␈↓:␈α
"Another␈α
SAMEFRINGE",␈αin␈α
␈↓↓SIGART␈α
Newsletter␈↓␈α
No.␈α
61,␈αFebruary␈α
1977.
␈↓ α∧␈↓samefr[f76,jmc]

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJohn␈α
(1977)␈↓:␈α"History␈αof␈α
LISP",␈αin␈αProceedings␈α
of␈αthe␈αACM␈α
Conference␈αon␈αthe␈α
History
␈↓ α∧␈↓of Programming Languages, Los Angeles.  lisp[f77,jmc]

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∂John␈α∂(1977)␈↓:␈α∂"Epistemological␈α∂Problems␈α∂of␈α∂Artificial␈α∂Intelligence",␈α∂␈↓↓Proceedings␈α∂of␈α∞the
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓Fifth␈α~International␈α~Joint␈α~Conference␈α~on␈α~Artificial␈α~Intelligence␈↓,␈α~M.I.T.,␈α~Cambridge,␈α→Mass.
␈↓ α∧␈↓ijcai.c[e77,jmc]

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJohn␈α(1979)␈↓:␈α
"Ascribing␈αMental␈αQualities␈αto␈α
Machines"␈αin␈α␈↓↓Philosophical␈αPerspectives␈α
in
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓Artificial Intelligence␈↓, Ringle, Martin (ed.), Harvester Press, July 1979.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∪John␈α∩(1979)␈↓:␈α∪"First␈α∩Order␈α∪Theories␈α∩of␈α∪Individual␈α∩Concepts␈α∪and␈α∪Propositions",␈α∩in
␈↓ α∧␈↓Michie, Donald (ed.) ␈↓↓Machine Intelligence 9␈↓, (University of Edinburgh Press, Edinburgh).
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ u5


␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αCartwright,␈α⊃Robert␈α⊂and␈α⊃John␈α⊂McCarthy␈α⊃(1979)␈↓:␈α⊃"Recursive␈α⊂Programs␈α⊃as␈α⊂Functions␈α⊃in␈α⊃a␈α⊂First
␈↓ α∧␈↓Order␈α∀Theory",␈α∃in␈α∀␈↓↓Proceedings␈α∃of␈α∀the␈α∃International␈α∀Conference␈α∃on␈α∀Mathematical␈α∃Studies␈α∀of
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓Information Processing␈↓, Kyoto, Japan.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α⊃John␈α⊃(1980)␈↓:␈α⊃"Circumscription␈α∩-␈α⊃A␈α⊃Form␈α⊃of␈α⊃Non-Monotonic␈α∩Reasoning",␈α⊃␈↓↓Artificial
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓Intelligence␈↓, Volume 13, Numbers 1,2, April.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∞John␈α∂and␈α∞Carolyn␈α∂Talcott␈α∞(1980)␈↓:␈α∞␈↓↓LISP␈α∂-␈α∞Programming␈α∂and␈α∞Proving␈↓,␈α∂course␈α∞notes,
␈↓ α∧␈↓Stanford University. (to be published as a book).

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α
John␈α
(1982)␈↓:␈α
"Common␈α
Business␈α
Communication␈α
Language",␈α
in␈α∞␈↓↓Textverarbeitung␈α
und
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓B␈↓
:␈↓↓urosysteme␈↓,␈α
Albert␈αEndres␈α
and␈αJ␈↓
:␈↓urgen␈α
Reetz,␈αeds.␈α
 R.␈αOldenbourg␈α
Verlag,␈αMunich␈α
and␈αVienna
␈↓ α∧␈↓1982.  cbcl[f75,jmc]

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJohn␈α(1982)␈↓:␈α␈↓↓Coloring␈αMaps␈α
and␈αthe␈αKowalski␈αDoctrine␈↓,␈αReport␈αNo.␈α
STAN-CS-82-903,
␈↓ α∧␈↓Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.  maps[e81,jmc]

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α
John␈α(1983)␈↓:␈α
"AI␈αNeeds␈α
more␈αEmphasis␈α
on␈αBasic␈α
Research",␈α␈↓↓AI␈α
Magazine␈↓,␈α
Volume␈α4,
␈↓ α∧␈↓Number 4, Winter 1983.  presid.1[f83,jmc]

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJohn␈α(1983)␈↓:␈α"The␈αLittle␈αThoughts␈αof␈αThinking␈αMachines",␈α␈↓↓Psychology␈αToday␈↓,␈αVolume
␈↓ α∧␈↓17, Number 12, December 1983.  psycho.4[e83,jmc]

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α→John␈α_(1984)␈↓:␈α→"Applications␈α_of␈α→Circumscription␈α_to␈α→Formalizing␈α→Common␈α_Sense
␈↓ α∧␈↓Knowledge".␈α∪ This␈α∪is␈α∪has␈α∪been␈α∪submitted␈α∪to␈α∪the␈α∪1984␈α∪AAAI␈α∪conference␈α∪on␈α∪non-monotonic
␈↓ α∧␈↓reasoning,␈αwhich␈αwill␈αnot␈αhave␈αa␈αproceedings␈αand␈αis␈αbeing␈αsubmitted␈αfor␈αpublication␈αto␈α␈↓↓Artificial
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓Intelligence␈↓.